Removal of Heavy Metal Ions From Polluted Water by Copper Oxide Nano-Sorbent

Karami, Hassan; Ghasemi, Anahita

doi:10.30473/ijac.2025.72395.1308

Document Type : Full research article

Authors

Hassan Karami ¹
Anahita Ghasemi ²

¹ Nano Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Abhar, Iran

² Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran

https://doi.org/10.30473/ijac.2025.72395.1308

Abstract

In this work, copper oxide nano sorbent (CONS) with an average diameter of 30 nm is synthesized by polyvinyl alcohol-based sol-gel method to remove heavy metal ions from an aqueous solution. The produced nanopowder is fully characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Various physicochemical parameters such as solution pH, nano-sorbent dosage, solution temperature, contact (mixing) time, initial concentration of lead ion, and the initial volume of lead ion sample are investigated and optimized by the "one at a time" method. Based on the experimental data, the optimum conditions for the full removal of lead ions with an initial concentration of 30 ppm, include pH 6, a sorbent dosage of 1.6 mg ml^-1, a solution temperature of 25 ºC, and a contact time of 13 min. The experimental results showed that the adsorption of lead ions by copper oxide nanoparticles has a good fit with Langmuir isotherm and follows the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The experimental data shows the synthesized CuO nanoparticles are an effective sorbent for the removal of Pb(II), Fe(II), and Cu(II) from water with maximum capacities of 33.7, 20.2, and 18.8 mg g^-1, respectively.

Keywords

References

[1] A. Sari, M. Tuzen, Biosorption of cadmium(II) from aqueous solution by red algae (Ceramium virgatum): equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies, J. Hazard. Mater., 157 (2008) 448.

[2] C.B. Ernhart, A critical review of low-level prenatal lead exposure in the human: 1. Effects on the fetus and newborn, Reprod. Toxicol., 6 (1992) 9.

[3] C. Gheorghiu, D. J. Marcogliese, Effects of waterborne zinc on reproduction, survival and morphometrics of Gyrodactylus turnbulli (Monogenea) on guppies, Int. J. Parasitol. 37 (2007) 375.

[4] N.A.A. Qasem, R.H. Mohammed, D.U. Lawal, Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater: a comprehensive and critical review, NPJ. Clean Water 36 (2021) 1.

[5] O.B. Apea, B.E. Akorley, E.O. Oyelude, B. Ampadu, Evaluation of the adsorption behavior and divalent metal ions removal efficiency of ceramic point-of-use water filter materials, Environ. Sys. Res., 12 (2023) 37.

[6] M. Hosseini, M. Rezaei, Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of 1-Methyl-2-hexylthioimidazolium Chloride Liquid for Solvent-based Microextraction (SBME) of Hg in Water Samples, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. Res., 11 (2024) 423.

[7] L. Ai, Y. Zeng, Hierarchical porous NiO architectures as highly recyclable adsorbents for effective removal of organic dye from aqueous solution, Chem. Eng. J. 215 (2013) 269.

[8] H.T. Fan, X.T. Sun, Z.G. Zhang, W.X. Li, Sb(III)-Imprinted Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Sorbent Prepared by Hydrothermal-Assisted Surface Imprinting Technique for Selective Adsorption of Sb(III), J. Chem. Eng. 59 (2014) 2106.

[9] F. Rostamkhani, H. Karami, A. Ghasemi, Application of nickel oxide nanoparticles as reusable sorbent for the removal of lead ions from contaminated water, Chem. Eng. J., 60 (2017) 319.

[10] D.P. Sui, H.X. Chen, L. Liu, M.X. Liu, C.C. Huang, H.T. Fan, Ion-imprinted silica adsorbent modified diffusive gradients in thin films technique: Tool for speciation analysis of free lead species, Talanta. 148 (2016) 285.

[11] L. Q. Vo, A.T. Vu, T.D. Le, C.D. Huynh, H.V. Tran, Fe3O4/Graphene Oxide/Chitosan Nanocomposite: A Smart Nanosorbent for Lead(II) Ion Removal from Contaminated Water, ACS Omega, 9 (2024) 17506.

[12] B. Viltuznik, A. Kosak, Y.L. Zub, A. Lobnik, Removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous systems using thiol-functionalized cobalt-ferrite magnetic nanoparticles, J. Sol Gel. Sci. Technol. 68 (2013) 365.

[13] E.O. Ryabchenko, A.P. Suslov, N.A. Morozov, E.F. Krivoshapkina,Silica/carbon dot nanosorbent for detection and removal of Pb(II) and Co(II) ions from wastewater, Chem. Eng. J., 500 (2024) 156610.

[14] A.A. Farghali, M. Bahgat, A.Enaiet Allah, M.H. Khedr Adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions using copper oxide nanostructures, Beni-Suef University. J. Bas. Appl. Sci., 35 (2013) 61.

[15] A.R. Turker, New Sorbents for Solid-Phase Extraction for Metal Enrichment, Clean. Soil. Air. Water. 35 (2007) 548.

[16] R. Wang, Q. Li, D. Xie, H. Xiao, H. Lu, Synthesis of NiO using pine as template and adsorption performance for Pb (II) from aqueous solution, Appl. Surf. Sci. 279 (2013) 129.

[17] K.E. Engates, H.J. Shipley, Adsorption of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni to titanium dioxide nanoparticles: effect of particle size, solid concentration, and exhaustion, Environ. Sci. Pollution. Res. 18 (2010) 386.

[18] H. Karami, Heavy metal removal from water by magnetite nanorods, Chem. Eng. J. 219 (2013) 209.

[19] D.P. Singh, N. Ali, Synthesis of TiO2 and CuO nanotubes and nanowires, Sci. Adv. Mater. 2 (2010) 295.

[20] C.A. Martinson, K.J. Reddy, Adsorption of arsenic (III) and arsenic (V) by cupric oxide nanoparticles, J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 336 (2009) 406.

[21] F. Nekouei, S. Nekouei, I. Tyagi, V.K. Gupta, Kinetic, thermodynamic and isotherm studies for acid blue 129 removal from liquids using copper oxide nanoparticle-modified activated carbon as a novel adsorbent, J. Mol. Liq. 201 (2015) 124.

[22] A. Fakhri, Investigation of mercury (II) adsorption from aqueous solution onto copper oxide nanoparticles: Optimization using response surface methodology, Process.Saf. Environ. Protect. 93 (2015) 1.

[23] A. Fakhri, Assessment of Ethidium bromide and Ethidium monoazide bromide removal from aqueous matrices by adsorption on cupric oxide nanoparticles, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Sci. 104 (2014) 386.

[24] S. Mahdavi, M. Jalali, A. Afkhami, Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions using Fe3O4, ZnO, and CuO nanoparticles, J. Nanoparticle Res. 14 (2012) 171.

[25] R. Gholami, R.; MSc Thesis, Payame Noor University, Abhar, Iran. (2014).

[26] S. Jadhav, S. Gaikwad, M. Nimse, A. Rajbhoj, Copper oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and their antibacterial activity, J. Clust. Sci. 22 (2011) 121.

[27] A. El Trass, H. El Shamy, I. Mehasseb, M. El Kemary, CuO nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, optical properties and interaction with amino acids, App. Surf. Sci. 258 (2012) 2997.

[28] P.K. Raul, S. Senapati, A.K. Sahoo, I.M. Umlong, R.R. Devi, A.J. Thakur, V. Veer, CuO nanorods: a potential and efficient adsorbent in water purification, RSC Adv. 4 (2014) 40580.

[29] A. Goswami, P.K. Raulb, M.K. Purkait, Arsenic adsorption using copper (II) oxide nanoparticles, Chem. Eng. Res. Design 90 (2012) 1387.

[30] J. Gong, L. Chen, G. Zeng, F. Long, J. Deng, Q. Niu, X. He, Shellac-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for removal of cadmium(II) ions from aqueous solution, J. Environ. Sci. 24 (2012) 1165.

[31] S. Liang, X. Guo, N. Feng, Q. Tian, Isotherms, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies of Adsorption of Cu²⁺ from Aqueous Solutions by Mg²⁺/K⁺ Type Orange Peel Adsorbents, J. Hazard. Mater. 174 (2010) 756.

[32] C. Li, J. Gao, J. Pan, Z. Zhang, Y. Yan, Synthesis, characterization, and adsorption performance of Pb(II)-imprinted polymer in nano-TiO2 matrix, J. Environ. Sci. 21 (2009) 1722.

[33] J. Hu, D. Shao, C. Chen, G. Sheng, J. Li, X. Wang, M. Nagatsu, Plasma-induced grafting of cyclodextrin onto multiwall carbon nanotube/iron oxides for adsorbent application, J. Phys. Chem. B. 114 (2010) 6779.

[34] X.F. Ma, Y.Q. Wang, M.J. Gao, Z. Xu, G.A. Li, A novel strategy to prepare ZnO/PbS heterostructured functional nanocomposite utilizing the surface adsorption property of ZnO nanosheets, Catal. Today. 158 (2010) 459.

[35] C.Y. Cao, Z.M. Cui, C.Q. Chen, W.G. Song, W. Cai, Ceria hollow nanospheres produced by a template-free microwave-assisted hydrothermal method for heavy metal ion removal and catalysis, J. Phys. Chem. C. 114 (2010) 9865.

[36] M. Y. Pamukoglu, F. Kargi, Removal of copper (II) ions from aqueous medium by biosorption onto powdered waste sludge, Proc. Biochem. 41 (2006) 1047.

[37] P. Sharma, R. Tomar, Synthesis and application of an analogue of mesolite for the removal of uranium (VI), thorium (IV), and europium (III) from aqueous waste, Micropor. Mesopor. Mat. 116 (2008) 641.

[38] S. Wang, Y. Boyjoo, A. Choueib, Z.H. Zhu, Removal of dyes from aqueous solution using fly ash and red mud, Water. Res. 39 (2005) 129.

Iranian Journal of Analytical Chemistry

Removal of Heavy Metal Ions From Polluted Water by Copper Oxide Nano-Sorbent

References

References

Volume 11, Issue 2 - Serial Number 22
September 2024
Pages 143-155

Removal of Heavy Metal Ions From Polluted Water by Copper Oxide Nano-Sorbent

References

References

Volume 11, Issue 2 - Serial Number 22September 2024Pages 143-155

Volume 11, Issue 2 - Serial Number 22
September 2024
Pages 143-155