Document Type : Full research article
Authors
1 Faculty of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad 6813717133, Iran
2 Department of Pharmacology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 1476651664, Iran
3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
4 Department of Pathology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Abstract
A simple, rapid, and cost-effective method for the determination of 17-β-estradiol in water samples was developed. The method is based on the extraction of the 17-β-estradiol–β-cyclodextrin complex using a coacervate phase composed of reverse micelles of decanoic acid, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection for quantification. The effects of key parameters, including decanoic acid concentration (50–200 mg in a 30 mL total volume), tetrahydrofuran concentration (1–15% v/v), β-cyclodextrin to 17-β-estradiol molar ratio (1:1–1:4), ionic strength (0–1 M) NaCl, pH (1–4), and extraction time (0–30 min), on recoveries and enrichment factors were studied and optimized. The optimal extraction conditions involved stirring a 20 mL water sample containing 50 mg of decanoic acid with 3 mL of THF, using a 1:1 molar ratio of 17-β-estradiol to β-cyclodextrin complex, for 10 minutes, followed by centrifugation, 10 min at 4000 rpm. Recoveries and enrichment factors of 17-β-estradiol was primarily influenced by the decanoic acid and THF concentrations that form the coacervate phase but remained independent of the ionic strength of the sample solution. The recovery rate, enrichment factor, limit of detection, and relative standard deviation for 17-β-estradiol were 95%, 284, 0.19 μg/L, and 4.34%, respectively. This method was applied to analyze 17-β-estradiol in city water, mineral water, and pastewater samples. No 17-β-estradiol was detected in mineral water, while its concentration in city water and pastewater was found to be 1.9 μg/L and 33.67 μg/L, respectively.
Keywords
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