Document Type : Full research article
Authors
1 Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Ardakan, Yazd, Iran
2 Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, 19395-3697 Tehran, Iran
Abstract
A novel hybrid catalyst based on phosphotungstic acid–hexamine–cobalt (PTA–HMT–Co) was synthesized and evaluated for the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of thiophenic compounds. The Taguchi L9 orthogonal design was employed to optimize key reaction parameters including temperature, reaction time, catalyst dosage, and oxidant-to-sulfur ratio. The optimized conditions achieved 99.84% desulfurization efficiency for model oil containing benzothiophene and 92.94% for real gas condensate samples. The catalyst exhibited strong oxidative activity, thermal stability, and recyclability for at least six cycles. The high catalytic performance is mainly attributed to the Keggin-type phosphotungstic acid framework, while cobalt incorporation contributes to structural stabilization and catalyst durability rather than acting as a primary active site. This study demonstrates the potential of PTA–HMT–Co as a green and efficient catalyst for deep desulfurization under mild conditions.
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