با همکاری مشترک انجمن علوم و فناوری‌های شیمیایی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 گروه بیوفیزیک، دانشکده فناوری‌های نوین، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیلی، نمین، ایران.‎

2 گروه علوم مهندسی، دانشکده فناوری‌های نوین، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، نمین، ایران.

چکیده

سرطان سینه، که یک نگرانی مهم در حوزه سلامت جهانی است، در سال ۲۰۲۰ شاهد ۲.۳ میلیون مورد جدید و ۷۰۰۰۰۰ مرگ گزارش شده است. روش‌های تشخیصی سنتی، مانند ماموگرافی، سونوگرافی و MRI، محدودیت‌هایی دارند که توسعه ابزارهای نوآورانه و غیرتهاجمی را ضروری می‌سازد. این مقاله به بررسی پتانسیل حسگرهای زیستی الکتروشیمیایی مبتنی بر miRNA برای تشخیص زودهنگام سرطان سینه می‌پردازد و بر قابلیت اطمینان، حساسیت، گزینش‌پذیری، مقرون‌به‌صرفه بودن و پزشکی شخصی‌سازی‌شده آنها تمرکز می‌کند. با استفاده از پایگاه‌های داده‌ای مانند PUBMED، Science Direct، ACS، Springerlink، Taylor & Francis و Google Scholar، جستجوی کاملی در متون در دسامبر ۲۰۲۵ انجام شد. حسگرهای زیستی الکتروشیمیایی و نشانگرهای زیستی miRNA سرطان سینه، همراه با کلمات کلیدی مرتبط با تشخیص زودهنگام، عبارات اصلی جستجو بودند. مطالعات بر اساس کاربرد آنها در موضوع، برای جستجو انتخاب شدند. میکرو RNAها، از جمله miR-21، miR-155 و miR-122، نشانگرهای زیستی مؤثری برای سرطان سینه مرتبط با توسعه تومور و متاستاز هستند. حسگرهای زیستی الکتروشیمیایی، که توسط فناوری نانو بهبود یافته‌اند، این miRNAها را با حساسیت و گزینش‌پذیری بالا شناسایی می‌کنند. این حسگرهای زیستی با استفاده از نانوذرات طلا و اکسید گرافن، امکان تشخیص در لحظه و قابل حمل را فراهم می‌کنند و پتانسیل کاربردی بودن آنها را در مراکز درمانی افزایش می‌دهند. حسگرهای زیستی الکتروشیمیایی مبتنی بر نشانگرهای زیستی miRNA به دلیل حساسیت، گزینش‌پذیری بالا و مقرون به صرفه بودن، نویدبخش تشخیص زودهنگام سرطان سینه هستند. تحقیقات بیشتر برای اعتبارسنجی اثربخشی بالینی آنها و توسعه پروتکل‌های استاندارد ضروری است. پزشکان باید از این پیشرفت‌ها مطلع باشند تا بتوانند آنها را به طور بالقوه در عمل ادغام کرده و نتایج درمان بیماری را بهبود بخشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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