Optimization of Lead-Selective Membrane Electrode Using Central Composite Experimental Design, and Study of Its Behavior with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

Mazloum-Ardakani, Mohammad; Mandegari, Azimeh; Khoshroo, Alireza Khoshroo; Masoum, Saeed; Kargar, Hadi

Document Type : Full research article

Authors

¹ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran

² Departmentof Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-4697 Tehran, Iran

³ Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

Abstract

In this work, response surface methodology in conjunction with central composite design for modeling and optimization of the influence of some process variables (polyvinyl chloride (F₁), ionophore (F₂), additive (F₃) and plasticizer (F₄) amounts), on the performance of polyvinyl chloride membrane lead (ІІ) ion-selective electrode is discussed. The slope of 29.1 ± 0.1 mV at the optimal amounts of polyvinyl chloride (0.0283 g), ionophore (0.0074 g), additive (0.002 g) and plasticizer (0.060 g) has been achieved. The electrode exhibited a linear potential response to lead (II) in the concentration range of 1.0 × 10^-5 mol L^-1 to 1.0 × 10^-1 mol L^-1 over pH range of 3.0 - 5.5. Greatly, the alternating current impedance technique was applied to investigate the response mechanism of the electrode. The results were obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows a linear concentrations range of 1.0 × 10^-6 mol L^-1 to 1.0×10^-‌1 mol L^-1 and in comparison with potentiometry, the pH range increased to 2.5 − 6.0.

Keywords

20.1001.1.23832207.2016.3.2.3.8

References

[1] L. Philip, L. Iyengar and C. Venkobachar, ORIGINAL PAPERS Biosorption of U, La, Pr, Nd, Eu and Dy by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 25 (2000) 1–7.

[2] I.D. Brouwer, A. De Bruin, O.B. Dirks and J. Hautvast, Unsuitability of World Health
Organisation guidelines for fluoride concentrations in drinking water in Senegal, Lancet 331 (1988) 223–225.

[3] M.H. Mashhadizadeh, H. Khani, A. Shockravi and M. Sadeghpour, Determination of ultratrace levels of lead (II) in water samples using a modified carbon paste electrode based on a new podand, Mater. Sci. Eng. C. 31 (2011) 1674–1680.

[4] E. Bakker and E. Pretsch, Potentiometric sensors for trace-level analysis, TrAC Trends Anal. Chem. 24 (2005) 199–207.

[5] A. Yari, S. Azizi and A. Kakanejadifard, An electrochemical Ni (II)-selective sensorbased on a newly synthesized dioxime derivative as a neutral ionophore, Sens. Actuators B Chem. 119 (2006) 167–173.

[6] E. Bakker, E. Pretsch and P. Bühlmann, Selectivity of potentiometric ion sensors, Anal. Chem. 72 (2000) 1127–1133.

[7] L. Wang, D. Yang, D. Lamb, Z. Chen, P.J. Lesniewski, M. Megharaj and R. Naidu, Application of mathematical models and genetic algorithm to simulate the response characteristics of an ion selective electrode array for system recalibration, Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 144 (2015) 24–30.

[8] M. Mazloum Ardakani, M. Salavati-Niasari and M. Jamshidpoor, Selective nitrate poly (vinylchloride) membrane electrode based on bis (2-hydroxyacetophenone) ethylenediimine vanadyl (IV), Sens. Actuators B Chem. 101 (2004) 302–307.

[9] M.A. Bezerra, R.E. Santelli, E.P. Oliveira, L.S. Villar and L.A. Escaleira, Response surface methodology (RSM) as a tool for optimization in analytical chemistry, Talanta. 76 (2008) 965–977.

[10] M.M.D. Zulkali, A.L. Ahmad and N.H. Norulakmal, Oryza sativa L. husk as heavy metal adsorbent: optimization with lead as model solution, Bioresour. Technol. 97 (2006) 21–25.

[11] I. Mangili, M. Lasagni, K. Huang and A.I. Isayev, Modeling and optimization of ultrasonic devulcanization using the response surface methodology based on central composite face-centered design, Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 144 (2015) 1–10.

[12] H. Abdolmohammad-Zadeh, A. Naseri, M. Galeh-Assadi and S. Shabkhizan, Optimization of solid-phase extraction based on a new sol-gel material using a response surface methodology for the determination of copper in water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 93 (2013) 279–297.

[13] M. Mazloum-Ardakani, A.D. Manshadi, M. Bagherzadeh and H. Kargar, Impedimetric and Potentiometric Investigation of a Sulfate Anion-Selective Electrode: Experiment and Simulation, Anal. Chem. 84 (2012) 2614– 2621.

[14] E. Barsoukov and J.R. Macdonald, Impedance spectroscopy: theory, experiment, and applications, John Wiley & Sons (2005).

[15] J.R. Macdonald, Impedance spectroscopy, Ann. Biomed. Eng. 20 (1992) 289–305.

[16] M. Mazloum-Ardakani, L. Hosseinzadeh and A. Khoshroo, Label-free electrochemical immunosensor for detection of tumor necrosis factor α based on fullerenefunctionalized carbon nanotubes/ionic liquid, J. Electroanal. Chem. 757 (2015) 58–64.

[17] M. Mazloum-Ardakani, L. Hosseinzadeh and A. Khoshroo, Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Immunosensor for Detection of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Based on Functionalized MWCNT-Gold Nanoparticle/Ionic Liquid Nanocomposite, Electroanalysis. 27 (2015) 2518–2526.

[18] J.T.S. Irvine, D.C. Sinclair and A.R. West, Electroceramics: characterization by impedance spectroscopy, Adv. Mater. 2 (1990) 132–138.

[19] S. Frka, A. Nelson and Z. Kozarac, Use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to characterise the physical properties of ex situ reconstructed sea surface microlayer, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 86 (2006) 325–335.

[20] M. Mazloum-Ardakani and A. Khoshroo, Enhanced performance of dye-sensitized solar cells with dual-function coadsorbent: reducing the surface concentration of dye-iodine complexes concomitant with attenuated charge recombination, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17 (2015) 22985–22990.

[21] H.K. Fun, H. Kargar, R. Kia and A. Jamshidvand, 6, 6′-Diethoxy-2, 2′-[2, 2dimethylpropane-1, 3-diylbis (nitrilomethylidyne)] diphenol, Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E Struct. Reports Online. 65 (2009) o707–o708.

[22] J.E. Randles, A cathode ray polarograph. Part II.—The current-voltage curves, Trans, Faraday Soc. 44 (1948) 327–338.

[23] S. Wold, A. Ruhe, H. Wold and I.I.I. Dunn WJ, The collinearity problem in linear regression. The partial least squares (PLS) approach to generalized inverses, SIAM J. Sci. Stat. Comput. 5 (1984) 735–743.

[24] E. Bakker, P. Bühlmann and E. Pretsch, Carrier-based ion-selective electrodes and bulk optodes. 1. General characteristics, Chem. Rev. 97 (1997) 3083–3132.

[25] M. Mazloum-Ardakani, A. Khoshroo and L. Hosseinzadeh, Simultaneous determination of hydrazine and hydroxylamine based on fullerene-functionalized carbon nanotubes/ionic liquid nanocomposite, Sens. Actuators B Chem. 214 (2015) 132–137.

[26] M. Ghaedi, M. Montazerozohori, Z. Andikaey, A. Shokrollahi, S. Khodadoust, M. Behfar and S. Sharifi, Fabrication of Pb 2+ Ion Selective Electrode Based on 1-((3-((2Hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl) Methyleneamino)2, 2-Dimethylpropylimino) Methyl) Naphthalen-2-ol as New Neutral Ionophore, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 6 (2011) 4127–4140.

[27] J. Guo, Y. Chai, R. Yuan, Z. Song and Z. Zou, Lead (II) carbon paste electrode based on derivatized multi-walled carbon nanotubes: Application to lead content determination in environmental samples, Sens. Actuators B Chem. 155 (2011) 639– 645.

Iranian Journal of Analytical Chemistry

Optimization of Lead-Selective Membrane Electrode Using Central Composite Experimental Design, and Study of Its Behavior with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

References

References

Volume 3, Issue 2 - Serial Number 2
September 2016
Pages 96-104

Optimization of Lead-Selective Membrane Electrode Using Central Composite Experimental Design, and Study of Its Behavior with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

References

References

Volume 3, Issue 2 - Serial Number 2September 2016Pages 96-104

Volume 3, Issue 2 - Serial Number 2
September 2016
Pages 96-104