In collaboration with Payame Noor University and Iranian Chemical Science and Technologies Association

Document Type : Full research article

Authors

1 Chemistry Department, Payame Noor University, P.O. BOX 19395-4697 Tehran, Iran

2 Departments of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran

3 Physics Department, Payame Noor University, P.O. BOX 19395-4697 Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Essential oil of bentazon- treated plants were extracted and herbicide content analyzed by electrochemical method. For this propose, carbon paste electrode was modified using ZnFe2O4 anchored on reduced graphene oxide which synthesized by solvothermal approach. The nature and morphology of nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, FT-IR and Fe- SEM image. Under optimal experimental condition, modified electrode produces powerful oxidation signal for bentazon at +0.95 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The anodic current was increased linearly with bentazon concentration in the range of 0.1 -20.0 µmol L-1 with a detection limit of 0.07 µmol L-1. The practical usage of modified electrode was evaluated by electro analysis of extracted bentzon residues at three applied doses which revealed reasonable results.

Keywords

 
[1] C.M.  Wu and C.Y.  Wang, Physiological study on bentazon tolerance in inbred corn, Weed Technol. 17 (2003) 565–570.
[2] J.M. Salman and B.H. Hameed, Effect of preparation conditions of oil palm fronds activated carbon on adsorption of bentazon from aqueous solutions, J. Hazard.  Mater. 175 (2010) 133–137.
[3] A. Fuhrmann, O.  Gans,  S. Weiss, G. Haberhauer and M.H. Gerzabek, Determination of bentazone, chloridazon and terbuthylazine and some of their metabolites in complex environmental matrices by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry using a modified QuEChERS method: an Optimization and validation study, Water Air Soil Pollut. 225 (2014) 1944.
[4] G.M.F. Pinto and I.C.S.F. Jardim, Determination of bentazon residues in water by high-performance liquid chromatography: Validation of the method, J. Chromatgr A, 846 (1999) 369–374.
[5] C.W. Thorstensen, O. Lode, A.L. Christianse, Determination of bentazone, dichlorprop, and MCPA in different soils by sodium hydroxide extraction in combination with solid-phase preconcentratio, J. Agric. Food Chem., 48 (2000) 5829−5833. 
[6] E.M. Garrido, J.L. Costa Lima, C.M. Delerue-Matos and A.M.  Oliveira Brett, electrochemical oxidation of bentazon at a glassy carbon electrode Application to the determination of a commercial herbicide, Talanta 46 (1998) 1131–1135.
[7] I.A.  Akinbulu and T. Nyokong, Characterization of polymeric film of a new manganese phthalocyanine complex octa-substituted with 2-diethylaminoethanethiol, and its use for the electrochemical detection of bentazon, Electrochim. Acta 55 (2009) 37–45.
[8] Z. Shahnavaz, P.M. Woi and Y. Alias, Electrochemical sensing of glucose  by reduced graphene oxide-zinc ferrospinels, Appl. Surf. Sci., 379 (2016) 156–162.
[9] D. Lu, Y. Zhang, S. Lin, L. Wang and C. Wang, Synthesis of magnetic ZnFe2O4 /graphene composite and its application in photocatalytic degradation of dyes, J. Alloys Compd. 579 (2013) 336–342.
[10] Y. Fu and X. Wang, Magnetically Separable ZnFe2O4–Graphene Catalyst and its High Photocatalytic Performance under Visible Light Irradiation, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 50 (2011) 7210–7218.
[11] Q.  Ke and J. Wang,  Graphene-based materials for supercapacitor electrodes, J. Materiomics 2 (2016) 37-54.
[12] D. Chen, H. Feng and J. Li, Graphene Oxide: Preparation, Functionalization, and Electrochemical Applications, Chem. Rev. 112 (2012) 6027–6053.
[13]  S.D. Perera, R.G. Mariano, K. Vu, N.  Nour, O. Seitz, Y. Chabal and K.J. BalkusJr,  Hydrothermal synthesis of graphene-TiO2 nanotube composites with enhanced photocatalytic activity, ACS Catal., 2 (2012) 949–956.
[14] J.J. Shi, X.Y. Zhou, Y. Liu, Q.M. Su, J. Zhang and G.H. Du, One-pot solvothermal  synthesis of ZnFe2O4 nanospheres/graphene composites with improved lithium storage performance, Mater. Res. Bull. 65 (2015) 204-209.
[15] M.d Fouladgar, Nanostructured Sensor for Simultaneous Determination of Trace Amounts of Bisphenol A and Vitamin B6 in Food Samples, Food Anal. Method, 10 (2017) 1507–1514.
 [16] V. Rahemi,  J. M. P. J. Garrido,  F. Borges,  C.M.A. Brett and  E.M.P.J. Garrido, Electrochemical Determination of the Herbicide Bentazone Using a Carbon Nanotube b-Cyclodextrin Modified Electrode, Electroanalysis 25 (2013) 2360–2366.
[17] C.M.A Brett and A.M. Oliveira-Brett, Electrochemistry, Principles, Methods and Applications, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK 1993.
[18] A.R. Rautio, O. Pitkanen, T. Jarvinen, A. Samikannu, N. Halonen, M. Mohl, J.P. Mikkola and K. Kordas, Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Based on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: Can Nanostructuring of the Nanotubes Enhance Performance, J. Phys. Chem. C. 119 (2015) 3538−3544.
[19] S.E. Sajjad and A. Ghannadi,  Essential oil of the Persian sage, Salvia rhytidea Benth, Acta  Pharm. 55 (2005) 321-326.
[20] R.P. Pohanish, Sittig´s handbook of agriculture and chemicals, second edithion, William Andrew publishing, Norwich, NY, 2005