با همکاری مشترک انجمن علوم و فناوری‌های شیمیایی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی کامل

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه پیام نور مرکز کرمان

2 بخش شیمی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

یک الکترود کربن شیشه ای توسط نانولوله های کربنی چند دیواره عامل دار شده با 2و6 دی کلروفنولیندوفنول اصلاح گردید. تثبیت این ماده بر روی نانولوله های کربنی توسط اسپکتروسکوپی جذبی UV-vis و FT-IR تایید و به روش ولتامتری چرخه ای اندازه گیری شد.
پاسخ الکترود اصلاح شده دلالت بر پیشرفت فرایند الکتروکاتالیتیکی، حساسیت و پایداری و تعیین یون های سولفید داشت. ضمن اینکه وابستگی جریان به غلظت سولفید بررسی و گستره خطی 1.8 میکرو مولار تا 2.5 میلی مولار بدست آمد. حد تشخیص سولفید 1.1 میکرومولار و RSD برای سولفید با غلظت های 10 و 100 میکرومولار به ترتیب 1.8 و 1.3 درصد بدست آمد. یون های مزاحم کم تاثیر و یا بدون تاثیر بر روی یون سولفید بودند. روش رای تعیین سولفید در نمونه های آبی بکاربرده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

 
[1]     A. Baciu, M. Ardelean, A. Pop, R. Pode, and F. Manea, Simultaneous Voltammetric/ Amperometric Determination of Sulfide and Nitrite in Water at BDD Electrode, Sensors (2015) 14526-14538.
[2]     F. Liu, Y. Gao, W. Li, J. Shao and Y. Mengو Determination of sodium sulfide based on electrochemiluminescence of rhodamine B at a SWNT modified glassy carbon electrode, RSC Adv (2014) 16893–16898.
[3]     N.S. Lawrence, J. Davis and R.G. Compton, Analytical strategies for the detection of sulfide: a review, Talanta (2000) 771–784.
[4]     J. Zhang, A.B.P. Lever and W.J. Pietro, Surface copper immobilization by chelation of alizarin complexone and electrodeposition on graphite electrodes, and related hydrogen sulfide electrochemistry; matrix isolation of atomic copper and molecular copper sulfides on a graphite electrode, J. Electroanal. Chem. (1995) 191-200.
[5]     D.M. Tsai, A.S. Kumar and J.M. Zen, A highly stable and sensitive chemically modified screen-printed electrode for sulfide analysis, Anal. Chim. Acta (2006) 145–150.
[6]     J.L. Chang, G.T. Wei, T. Chen and J. Zen, Highly Stable Polymeric Ionic Liquid Modified Electrode to Immobilize Ferricyanide for Electroanalysis of Sulfide, Electroanalysis (2013) 845–849.
[7]     L.L. Paim and N.R. Stradiotto, Electrooxidation of sulfide by cobalt pentacyanonitrosylferrate film on glassy carbon electrode by cyclic voltammetry, Electrochim Acta (2010) 4144–4147.
[8]     J.M. Zen, J.L. Chang, P.Y. Chen, R. Ohara and K.C. Pan, Flow injection analysis of sulfide using a cinder/tetracyano nikelate modified screen-printed electrode, Electroanalysis (2005) 739–743.
[9]     M.I. Prodromidis, P.G. Veltsistas, M.I. Karayannis, Electrochemical study of chemically modified and screen-printed graphite electrodes with [(SbO)–O–V(CHL)(2)]Hex. Application for the selective determination of sulfide, Anal. Chem. (2000) 3995–4002.
[10] A.B. Florou, M.I. Prodromidis, M.I. Karayannis and S.M. Tzouwara-Karayanni, Electrocatalysis of sulphide with a cellulose acetate film bearing 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol. Application to sewage using a fully automated flow injection manifold Talanta (2000) 465–472.
[11] G. Roman, A.C. Pappas, D.K. Demertzi and M.I. Prodromidis, Preparation of a 2-(4-fluorophenyl)indole-modified xerogel and its use for the fabrication of screenprinte delectrodes for the electrocatalytic determination of sulfide. Anal Chim Acta (2004) 201–207.
[12] X. Cao, J. Gao, Y. Ye, P. Wang, S. Ding, Y. Ye and H. Sun, Amperometric Determination of Sulfide by Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Hemin Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide. Electroanalysis (2016) 140–144.
[13] B. Eetek, D. Long Vu, L.C. Ervenka and Y. Dilgin, Flow Injection Amperometric Detection of Sulfide Using a Prussian Blue Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. Anal. Sci. (2012) 1075-1080.
[14] J. Zhang, A.B.P. Lever and W.J. Pietro, Electrocatalytic activity of a graphite electrode coated with hexadecachloro phthalocyanatoiron(ll) toward sulfide oxidation, and its possible application in electroanalysis. Can. J. Chem. (1995) 1072-1077.
[15] N.S. Lawrence, L. Jiang, T.G.J. Jones and R.G. Compton, Voltammetric Characte rization of a N,N-Diphenyl-p-phenylene diamine-Loaded Screen-Printed Electrode: A Disposable Sensor for Hydrogen Sulfide. Anal. Chem. (2003) 2054-2059.
[16] Y. Dilgin, B. Kızılkaya, B. Ertek, N. Eren and D.G. Dilgin, Amperometric determination of sulfide based on its electrocatalytic oxidation at a pencil graphite electrode modified with quercetin. Talanta (2012) 490– 495.
[17] E.A. Khudaish, Mass and electron-transfer conditions for the electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen sulfide at vanadium pentoxide film modified electrode. Sensor Actuat B-Chem (2008) 223–229.
[18] E.A. Khudaish and A.T. Al-Hinai, The catalytic activity of vanadium pentoxide film modified electrode on the electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen sulfide in alkaline solutions. J. Electroanal. Chem. (2006) 108–114.
[19] J.A. Bennett, J.E. Pander and M.A. Neiswonger, Investigating the viability of electrodeposited vanadium pentoxide as a suitable electrode material for in vivo amperometric hydrogen sulfide detection. J. Electroanal Chem. (2001) 1–7.
[20] X. Cao, H. Xu, S. Ding, Y. Ye, X. Ge and L. Yu, Electrochemical determination of sulfide in fruits using alizarin–reduced graphene oxide nanosheets modified electrode. Food Chem. (2016) 1224–1229.
[21] Y. Dilgin, B. Kizilkaya, B. Ertek, F. Is and D. Giray Dilgin, Electrocatalytic oxidation of sulphide using a pencil graphite electrode modified with hematoxylin. Sensor Actuat B-Chem. (2012) 223–229.
[22] D.L. Vu and L. Cervenka, Determination of Sulfide by Hematoxylin Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Modified Carbon Paste Electrode. Electroanalysis (2013) 1967–1973.
[23] Y. Dilgin, S. Canarslan, O. Ayyildiz, B. Ertek and G. Nisli, Flow injection analysis of sulphide based on its photoelectrocatalytic oxidation at poly-methylene blue modified glassy carbon electrode. Electrochim Acta (2012) 173–179.
[24] R. Zhang, X. Wang and K.K. Shiu, Accelerated direct electrochemistry of hemoglobin based on hemoglobin–carbon nanotube (Hb–CNT) assembly. J. Colloid. Interface. Sci. (2007) 517–522.
[25] Y. Liu, Y. Li, Z.Q. Wu and X. Yan, Fabrication and characterization of hexahistidine-tagged protein functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes for selective solid-phase extraction of Cu2+ and Ni2+. Talanta (2009) 1464–1471.
[26] L. Li, Y. Huang, Y. Wang and W. Wang, Hemimicelle capped functionalized carbon nanotubes-based nanosized solid-phase extraction of arsenic from environmental water samples. Anal. Chim. Acta (2009) 182–188.
[27] A. Mohadesi, Z. Motallebi and A. Salmanipour, Multiwalled carbon nanotube modified with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol for stripping voltammetric determination of Pb(II). Analyst (2010) 1686-1690.
[28] A. Mohadesi, H. Beitollahi and M.A.Karimi, Stripping voltammetric determination of Cd(II) based on multiwalled carbon nanotube functionalized with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol. Chin. Chem. Lett. (2011) 1469–1472.
[29] A. Salmanipour and M.A. Taher, An electrochemical sensor for stripping analysis of Pb(II) based on multiwalled carbon nanotube functionalized with 5-Br-PADAP. J. Solid State Electrochem. (2011) 2695-2702.
[30] D.R. Shobha, A. Jeykumari, S. Ramaprabhu and S.S. Narayanan, A thionine functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube modified electrode for the determination of hydrogen peroxide. Carbon (2007) 1340–1353.
[31] M. Salavati-Niasari and M. Bazarganipour, Covalent functionalization of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) by nickel(II) Schiff-base complex: Synthesis, characterization and liquid phase oxidation of phenol with hydrogen peroxide. Appl. Surf. Sci. 92008) 2963–2970.
[32] Y.H. Li, C. Xu C, B. Wei, X. Zhang, M. Zheng, D. Wu and P.M. Ajayan, Self-organized ribbons of aligned carbon nanotubes. Chem. Mater. (2002) 483-485.
[33] A. Koty, M. Sharma, B. Khare and A. Srivastava, Spectrophotometric Determination of Penicillamine with 2,6-Dichlorophenolindophenol in Drug Formulations. Asian. J. Chem. (2008) 4239-4248.
[34] A.J Bard and L.R. Faulkner,  Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications, 2nd Edition, New York: Wiley (2001).
[35] A.B. Florou, M.I. Prodromidis, M.I. Karayannis and S.M. Tzouwara-Karayanni,  Flow electrochemical determination of ascorbic acid in real samples using a glassy carbon electrode modified with a cellulose acetate film bearing 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol. Anal. Chim. Acta (2000) 113–121.