Document Type : Full research article
Authors
Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
In this paper, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was prepared by direct pyrolysis of melamine and then used to synthesize P-doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets with ultrasound in phosphoric acid. This simple method helps increase the trapping of light, change the electronic property of g-C3N4 and prevent charge recombination in the as-prepared photocatalyst. The useful features of this method to prepare P-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets are its simplicity, short synthesis time, economical and environmentally friendly. The present study demonstrates the ability of phosphoric acid to synthesize P-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets with ultrasound, which leads to an increase in photodegradation of Tartrazine under visible light.
Keywords
- K. AL-Dawery, Photo-Catalysted Degradation of Ttartrazine compound in waste water using TiO2 and UV lights, ESTEC 8 (2013) 683-691.
- A.A. Hashimi, A. Rahmanmohamed and L. K. Teong, Solar photocatalytic degradation of tartrazine using titanium dioxide, J. Teknol. 35 (2001) 31–40.
- J. Ong, L.L. Tan, Y. H. Ng, S.T. Yong and S.P. Chai, Graphitic carbon nitride (g‑C3N4) based photocatalysts for artificial photosynthesis and environmental remediation: are we a step closer to achieving sustainability. Chem. Rev. 116(2016) 7159-7329.
- Jain and S. Sikarwar, Photocatalytic and adsorption studies on the removal of dye Congo red from wastewater, Int. J. Environ. Pollut. 27 (2006) 158-178.
- A. Abdullah Hashim, A. Rahman Mohamed and L.K. Teong, Solar photocatalytic degradation of tartrazine using titanium dioxide, J. Teknol. Dis. 35(2001) 31–40.
- Ameta, S. Benjamin, A. Ameta and S.C. Ameta, Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants: a review, Mater. Sci. Forum. 734 (2013) 247-272.
- T. Yew, C.S. Lim, A.Y.S. Eng, J. Oh, S. Park and M. Pumera, Electrochemistry of layered graphitic carbon nitride synthesised from various precursors: searching for catalytic effects, ChemPhys. Chem. 17 (2016) 481-488.
- Y. Xu, L.C. Wu, H. Zhao, L.G. Jin and S.Y. Qi, Synergic effect between adsorption and photocatalysis of metal Free g-C3N4 derived from different precursors, Plos. one 10 (2015) e0142616.
- Cui, J. Huang, X. Fu and X. Wang, Metal-free photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol in water by mesoporous carbon nitride semiconductors, Catal. Sci. Technol. 2 (2012) 1396–1402.
- K. Jo and H.J. Yoo, Combination of ultrasound-treated 2D g-C3N4 with Ag/black TiO2 nanostructure for improved photocatalysis, Ultrason. Sonochem. 42 (2018) 517-525.
- Gu, T. Zhou and G. Shi, Synthesis of graphene supported graphene-like C3N4 metal-free layered nanosheets for enhanced electrochemical performance and their biosensing for biomolecules, Talanta 132 (2015) 871–876.
- L. Lee, Z. Sofer, V. Mazánek, J. Luxa, C.K. Chua and M. Pumera, Graphitic carbon nitride: Effects of various precursors on the structural morphological and electrochemical sensing properties, Appl. Mater. Today 8(2016) 150–162.
- Wang, X. Wang and M. Antonietti. Polymeric graphitic carbon nitride as a heterogeneous organocatalyst: From photochemistry to multipurpose catalysis to sustainable chemistry, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51 (2012) 68–89.
- Balasubramanian, M. Annalakshmi, S.M. Chen and T.W. Chena, Sonochemical synthesis of molybdenum oxide (MoO3) microspheres anchored graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) ultrathin sheets for enhanced electrochemical sensing of Furazolidone, Ultrason. Sonochem. 50 (2019) 96-104.
- Dong, Z. Ai and L. Zhang, Efficient anoxic pollutant removal with oxygen functionalized graphitic carbon nitride under visible light, RSC Adv. 4 (2014) 5553–5560.
- Ge, Synthesis and photocatalytic performance of novel metal-free g-C3N4 photocatalysts, Mater. lett. 65 (2011) 2652–2654.
- Yin, J. Han, T. Zhou and R. Xu, Recent progress in g-C3N4 based low cost photocatalytic system: activity enhancement and emerging applications, Catalysis Science & Technology 5 (2015) 5048-5061.
- Y. Chen and W.D. Zhang, In2O3/g-C3N4 composite photocatalysts with enhanced visible light driven activity, Appl. Sur. Sci. 301 (2014) 428–435.
- Zhang, Q. Huang, Y. Huang, F. Li, W. Zhang, C. Wei, J. Chen, P. Dai, L. Huang, Z. Huang, L. Kanga, S. Hua and A. Hao, Graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets doped graphene oxide for electrochemical simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid, Electrochimi. Acta 142 (2014) 125–131.
- Afshari, M. Dinari and M.M. Momeni, Ultrasonic irradiation preparation of graphitic- C3N4/polyaniline nanocomposites as counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells, Ultrason. Sonochem. 42 (2018) 631-639.
- A. Karimi, V.H. Aghaei, A. Nezhadali and N. Ajami, Investigation of copper corrosion in sodium chloride solution by using a new coating of polystyrene/g-C3N4, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 30 (2019) 6300-6310.
- Zuo, Y. Chen, W. Liu, C. Yao, Y. Li, J. Ma, Y. Kong, H. Mao, Z. Li and Y. Fu, Polyaniline/g-C3N4 composites as novel media for anticorrosion coatings, J. Coat. Technol. Res. 14 (2017) 1307–1314.
- Fu, J. Zhu, C. Hu, X. Wu and X. Wang, covalently coupled hybrid of graphitic carbon nitride with reduced graphene oxide as a superior performance lithium-ion battery anode, Nanoscale 6 (2104) 12555-12564.
- Zheng, J. Liu, J. Liang, M. Jaroniec and S.Z. Qiao, Graphitic carbon nitride materials: controllable synthesis and applications in fuel cells and photocatalysis, Energy Environ. Sci. 5 (2012) 6717–6731.
- C. Yan, Z.S. Li and Z.G. Zou, Photodegradation of Rhodamine B and Methyl Orange over Boron-doped g-C3N4 under visible light irradiation, Langmuir 26 (2010) 3894–3901.
- Chai, J. Yan, C. Wang, Z. Ren and Y. Zhu, enhanced visible light photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B over phosphorus doped graphitic carbon nitride, Appl. Surf. Sci. 391 (2016) 376-383.
- Ge, C. Han and J. Liu, Novel visible light-induced g-C3N4/Bi2WO6 composite photocatalysts for efficient degradation of Methyl Orange, Appl. Catal. B-environ. 108– 109 (2011) 100– 107.
- Guo, R. Wang, P. Wang, Y. Li and C. Wang, developing polyetherimide/graphitic carbon nitride floating photocatalyst with good photodegradation performance of methyl orange under light irradiation, Chemosphere 179 (2017) 84-91.
- Song, S. Zhang, X. Wu and Q. Wei, A metal-free and graphitic carbon nitride sonocatalyst with high sonocatalytic activity for degradation methylene blue, Chem. Eng. J. 184 (2012) 256– 260.
- Mo, X. She, Y. Li, L. Liu, L. Huang, Z. Chen, Q. Zhang, H. Xu and H. Li, Synthesis of g-C3N4 prepared at different temperatures for superior visible/UV photocatalytic performance and photoelectrochemical sensing of MB solution, RSC Advances 5 (2015) 101552-101562.
- Jiang, X. Yuan, G. Zeng, X. Chen, Z. Wu, J. Liang, J. Zhang, H. Wang and H. Wang, Phosphorus and Sulfur-codoped g‑C3N4: Facile preparation, mechanism insight, and application as efficient photocatalyst for tetracycline and Methyl Orange degradation under visible light irradiation, Chem. Eng. 5 (2017) 5831−5841.
- Zhang, J. Zhang, F. Dong and Y. Zhang, Facile synthesis of in-situ phosphorus-doped g-C3N4 with enhanced visible light photocatalytic property for NO purification, RSC Advances 6 (2016) 88085-88089.
- Ran, T.Y. Ma, G. Gao, X.W. Du and S.Z. Qiao, Porous P-doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for synergistically enhanced visible light photocatalytic H2 production, Energ. & Envir. ment.Sci. 8 (2015) 3708-3717.
- You, H. Dou, L. Chen, S. Zheng and Y. Zhang, Graphitic carbon nitride with S and O co-doping for enhanced visible light photocatalytic performance, RSC Adv. 7 (2017) 15842–15850.
- Tong, L. Zhang, F. Li, K. Wang, L. Han and S. Cao, Rapid and high-yield production of g-C3N4 nanosheets via chemical exfoliation for photocatalytic H2 evolution, RSC Advances 5 (2015) 88149-88153.
- Naama, T. Hadjersi, H. Menari, G. Nezzal, L. B. Ahmed and S. Lamrani, Enhancement of the tartrazine photodegradation by modification of silicon nanowires with metal nanoparticles, Mater. Res. Bull. 76 (2016) 317-326.
- Vaiano, G. Iervolino and D. Sannino, Photocatalytic removal of Tartrazine dye from aqueous samples on LaFeO3/ZnO photocatalysts, Chem. Eng. Trans. 52 (2016) 847-852.
- L. Heredia, E.L. Sham and E.M. Farfán-Torres, Tartrazine degradation by supported TiO2 on magnetic particles, Revista Matéria. 20 (2015) 668– 675.
- A. Amenaghawon, J.O. Osarumwense, F. A. Aisien and O.K. Olaniyan, Preparation and Investigation of the photocatalytic properties of periwinkle sheel ash for Tartrazine decolourisation, JMES. 7 (2014) 1070-1084.
)