Iranian Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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Electrochemical Biosensing of miRNAs for Early Breast Cancer Detection: A Comprehensive Review

Document Type : Review article

Authors

1 Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabili, Namin, Iran.

2 Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran.

3 Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabili, Namin, Iran.‎

Abstract

Breast cancer, a significant global health concern, has seen 2.3 million new cases and 700,000 deaths in 2020. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI, have limitations, necessitating the development of innovative, non-invasive tools. This article explores the potential of miRNA-based electrochemical biosensors for early detection of breast cancer, focusing on their reliability, sensitivity, selectivity, affordability, and personalized medicine. Using databases like PUBMED, Science Direct, ACS, Springerlink, Taylor & Francis, and Google Scholar, a thorough literature search was carried out in December 2025. Electrochemical biosensors and breast cancer miRNA biomarkers were the main search terms utilized, along with early-detection-related keywords. Studies were chosen for the search based on their applicability to the subject. MicroRNAs, including miR-21, miR-155, and miR-122, are effective biomarkers for breast cancer linked to tumor development and metastasis. Electrochemical biosensors, enhanced by nanotechnology, detect these miRNAs with high sensitivity and selectivity. Utilizing gold nanoparticles and graphene oxide, these biosensors enable real-time and portable diagnostics, enhancing their potential in point-of-care settings. Electrochemical biosensors based on miRNA biomarkers show promise for the early detection of breast cancer due to their high sensitivity, selectivity, and cost-effectiveness. Further research is necessary to validate their clinical efficacy and develop standardized protocols. Clinicians should stay informed about these advancements to potentially integrate them into practice, improving patient outcomes.

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Iranian Journal of Analytical Chemistry
Volume 12, Issue 2
February 2026
Pages 29-51
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