کاربردهای شیمی تجزیه
Mehdi Hosseini; Ebba Adnan Azooz
Abstract
The process of interesterification is one of the most important alternative ways of hydrogenating oils, which is of particular importance by providing the possibility of changing the functional, physical and chemical properties of oils in a favorable way. In this work, a pyrrolidinium-based acidic ionic ...
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The process of interesterification is one of the most important alternative ways of hydrogenating oils, which is of particular importance by providing the possibility of changing the functional, physical and chemical properties of oils in a favorable way. In this work, a pyrrolidinium-based acidic ionic liquid, N-methylpyrrolidinium bisulfate ([Mpyr][HSO4]), was synthesized and characterized, and its catalytic performance was evaluated in the interesterification (glycerolysis) of triglyceride oils. Common analyzing techniques such as Fourier Transfer Infra-red (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques were used to catalyst characterization, structure and different bonds evaluation in catalyst structure. The catalytic activity of [Mpyr][ HSO4] during interesterification process of soy oil as raw material of triglycerides and glycerol reagents was investigated. For evaluation of interesterification procedure, the effects of several important parameters such as reaction time and temperature, molar ratio of oil: glycerol and catalyst dosage were investigated. The results obtain showed that the catalyst of [Mpyr][HSO4] is suitable for the interesterification (glycerolysis) of triglyceride oils and it has a conversion of about 97.5%. A simple and accurate titration method was used to evaluate the rate raw materials conversion into ester. Furthermore, in order to reuse the catalyst, the catalyst can be reused up to seven times.
Sholeh Javadi; Somayeh Farahmand; Helia Bayat; Reza HajiHosseini; Sima Nasri
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks targetable receptors, rendering conventional chemotherapy the sole standard of care despite its associated toxicity and acquired resistance. The constitutively activated NF-κB and STAT3 signaling axes represent mechanistically interdependent oncogenic ...
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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks targetable receptors, rendering conventional chemotherapy the sole standard of care despite its associated toxicity and acquired resistance. The constitutively activated NF-κB and STAT3 signaling axes represent mechanistically interdependent oncogenic drivers in TNBC, making their simultaneous inhibition a compelling therapeutic strategy. β-Sitosterol, the predominant phytosterol of Allium cepa seeds, has demonstrated broad antiproliferative properties; however, its capacity for dual-target engagement against NFKB1 and STAT3 has not been systematically characterized. GC–MS profiling of A. cepa seed oil identified β-sitosterol as the principal constituent (80.45%). Computational ADMET analysis, Human Protein Atlas-based immunocytochemical target validation, and Auto Dock Vina molecular docking against NFKB1 (PDB: 5AX3) and STAT3 (PDB: 7LET) were performed. Anticancer activity was evaluated in MDA-MB-231 cells via MTT assay, with apoptotic mechanism characterized by Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry. β-Sitosterol demonstrated favorable drug-likeness with predicted mitochondrial localization and absence of mutagenicity. Docking yielded binding energies of −7.0 and −6.7 kcal/mol for STAT3 and NFKB1, respectively, driven by hydrophobic interactions. MTT assay revealed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity (IC₅₀ = 39.56 µM; 72 h; F = 113.8, p < 0.0001). Flow cytometry confirmed significant induction of early (30.7 ± 2.5%) and late apoptosis (20.3 ± 4.4%) versus negligible baseline levels in controls. β-Sitosterol exhibits dual computational binding affinity for NFKB1 and STAT3 alongside potent pro-apoptotic activity in TNBC cells, establishing a mechanistic foundation for its further translational development.
