کاربردهای شیمی تجزیه
Mehdi Hosseini; Ebba Adnan Azooz
Abstract
The process of interesterification is one of the most important alternative ways of hydrogenating oils, which is of particular importance by providing the possibility of changing the functional, physical and chemical properties of oils in a favorable way. In this work, a pyrrolidinium-based acidic ionic ...
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The process of interesterification is one of the most important alternative ways of hydrogenating oils, which is of particular importance by providing the possibility of changing the functional, physical and chemical properties of oils in a favorable way. In this work, a pyrrolidinium-based acidic ionic liquid, N-methylpyrrolidinium bisulfate ([Mpyr][HSO4]), was synthesized and characterized, and its catalytic performance was evaluated in the interesterification (glycerolysis) of triglyceride oils. Common analyzing techniques such as Fourier Transfer Infra-red (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques were used to catalyst characterization, structure and different bonds evaluation in catalyst structure. The catalytic activity of [Mpyr][ HSO4] during interesterification process of soy oil as raw material of triglycerides and glycerol reagents was investigated. For evaluation of interesterification procedure, the effects of several important parameters such as reaction time and temperature, molar ratio of oil: glycerol and catalyst dosage were investigated. The results obtain showed that the catalyst of [Mpyr][HSO4] is suitable for the interesterification (glycerolysis) of triglyceride oils and it has a conversion of about 97.5%. A simple and accurate titration method was used to evaluate the rate raw materials conversion into ester. Furthermore, in order to reuse the catalyst, the catalyst can be reused up to seven times.
Sholeh Javadi; Somayeh Farahmand; Helia Bayat; Reza HajiHosseini; Sima Nasri
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks targetable receptors, rendering conventional chemotherapy the sole standard of care despite its associated toxicity and acquired resistance. The constitutively activated NF-κB and STAT3 signaling axes represent mechanistically interdependent oncogenic ...
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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks targetable receptors, rendering conventional chemotherapy the sole standard of care despite its associated toxicity and acquired resistance. The constitutively activated NF-κB and STAT3 signaling axes represent mechanistically interdependent oncogenic drivers in TNBC, making their simultaneous inhibition a compelling therapeutic strategy. β-Sitosterol, the predominant phytosterol of Allium cepa seeds, has demonstrated broad antiproliferative properties; however, its capacity for dual-target engagement against NFKB1 and STAT3 has not been systematically characterized. GC–MS profiling of A. cepa seed oil identified β-sitosterol as the principal constituent (80.45%). Computational ADMET analysis, Human Protein Atlas-based immunocytochemical target validation, and Auto Dock Vina molecular docking against NFKB1 (PDB: 5AX3) and STAT3 (PDB: 7LET) were performed. Anticancer activity was evaluated in MDA-MB-231 cells via MTT assay, with apoptotic mechanism characterized by Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry. β-Sitosterol demonstrated favorable drug-likeness with predicted mitochondrial localization and absence of mutagenicity. Docking yielded binding energies of −7.0 and −6.7 kcal/mol for STAT3 and NFKB1, respectively, driven by hydrophobic interactions. MTT assay revealed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity (IC₅₀ = 39.56 µM; 72 h; F = 113.8, p < 0.0001). Flow cytometry confirmed significant induction of early (30.7 ± 2.5%) and late apoptosis (20.3 ± 4.4%) versus negligible baseline levels in controls. β-Sitosterol exhibits dual computational binding affinity for NFKB1 and STAT3 alongside potent pro-apoptotic activity in TNBC cells, establishing a mechanistic foundation for its further translational development.
حسگرهای شیمیایی
Elham Sahebnazar; Solmaz Kia; sina Jafari Dargahlou
Abstract
Breast cancer, a significant global health concern, has seen 2.3 million new cases and 700,000 deaths in 2020. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI, have limitations, necessitating the development of innovative, non-invasive tools. This article explores the potential ...
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Breast cancer, a significant global health concern, has seen 2.3 million new cases and 700,000 deaths in 2020. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI, have limitations, necessitating the development of innovative, non-invasive tools. This article explores the potential of miRNA-based electrochemical biosensors for early detection of breast cancer, focusing on their reliability, sensitivity, selectivity, affordability, and personalized medicine. Using databases like PUBMED, Science Direct, ACS, Springerlink, Taylor & Francis, and Google Scholar, a thorough literature search was carried out in December 2025. Electrochemical biosensors and breast cancer miRNA biomarkers were the main search terms utilized, along with early-detection-related keywords. Studies were chosen for the search based on their applicability to the subject. MicroRNAs, including miR-21, miR-155, and miR-122, are effective biomarkers for breast cancer linked to tumor development and metastasis. Electrochemical biosensors, enhanced by nanotechnology, detect these miRNAs with high sensitivity and selectivity. Utilizing gold nanoparticles and graphene oxide, these biosensors enable real-time and portable diagnostics, enhancing their potential in point-of-care settings. Electrochemical biosensors based on miRNA biomarkers show promise for the early detection of breast cancer due to their high sensitivity, selectivity, and cost-effectiveness. Further research is necessary to validate their clinical efficacy and develop standardized protocols. Clinicians should stay informed about these advancements to potentially integrate them into practice, improving patient outcomes.
کاربردهای شیمی تجزیه
Negar Gholhovallahi; Ali Sheibani
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry is an analytical technique with main advantages such as high sensitivity, fast response and simplicity. The purpose of this work was to determine of mesalazine in different pharmaceutical samples using ion mobility spectrometry with a positive corona ionization source. After ...
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Ion mobility spectrometry is an analytical technique with main advantages such as high sensitivity, fast response and simplicity. The purpose of this work was to determine of mesalazine in different pharmaceutical samples using ion mobility spectrometry with a positive corona ionization source. After obtaining the best instrumental parameters (injection temperature: 230 ºC, cell temperature: 180 ºC, drift voltage: 6800 V, corona voltage: 2400 V, flow rate of drift gas: 600 mL/min and flow rate of carrier gas: 300 mL/min) the linear dynamic range was 1.0–70.0 ng with a determination coefficient, R2=0.9881. The relative standard deviation values were lower than 6.0% (n=5) for the examined range (10.0–60.0 ng) of the drug. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.3 ng and 1.0 ng, respectively. The capability of the developed method was evaluated for the determination of mesalazine in tablet, capsule, and suppository as pharmaceutical samples. Satisfactory recovery results were obtained in the range of 98.0–103.8%.
فرایندهای استخراج جدید و میکرواستخراج؛ تهیه نمونه؛ تکنیک های جداسازی برای گونههای سمی؛ آنالیز حرارتی
Rahil Sayadipour; Homa Shafiee Khani
Abstract
Wastewater from the textile industry is classified as the most polluting of all the industrial sectors. Among these, azo dyes are one of the most important pollutants which have many toxic effects, especially carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. Thus, it is necessary to develop a powerful, eco-friendly ...
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Wastewater from the textile industry is classified as the most polluting of all the industrial sectors. Among these, azo dyes are one of the most important pollutants which have many toxic effects, especially carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. Thus, it is necessary to develop a powerful, eco-friendly and effective photodegradation process for the removal of azo dyes. In this study, aluminum-doped cobalt ferrite (AlCoFe₂O₄) nanoparticles were synthesized via co-precipitation as a green photocatalyst for the degradation of anionic and cationic azo dyes. The nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, EDS, DRS, FESEM, and VSM. The results of XRD showed that the nanoparticles had a cubic structure with an average diameter size less than 45 nm. The low remanent magnetization and coercivity of the nanoparticles in VSM was consistent with soft magnetic properties. Moreover, the magnetic properties of AlCoFe2O4 nanoparticles enable easy separation of the photocatalyst from the reaction medium using an external magnetic field. In addition, high absorption of AlCoFe2O4 in the visible light region makes it possible to increase photocatalytic performance of the photocatalyst under the influence of visible light. Photocatalytic tests using Methyl Orange (MO) and Bismarck Brown (BB) dyes showed that degradation strongly depends on pH (optimal pH ≈ 3 and 9 for MO and BB respectively), adsorption of dye molecules on the catalyst surface, and catalyst dosage (0.05 g) .Under optimized conditions, MO degradation reached 100% under UV irradiation, while BB degradation reached 98%. The photocatalyst maintained high performance over at least five cycles, demonstrating stability and recyclability.
Shahryar Pashaei; Soleyman Hosseinzadeh; Nahid Mohammadiasl
Abstract
A series of (Epoxy/Polyurethane)/Apple Waste Activated Carbon (EP/PU)/(AWAC) bio composites have been prepared with varying amounts of apple waste activated carbon (AWAC) viz., 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 wt %. The prepared bio composites have been characterized for physico-mechanical behaviors and chemical ...
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A series of (Epoxy/Polyurethane)/Apple Waste Activated Carbon (EP/PU)/(AWAC) bio composites have been prepared with varying amounts of apple waste activated carbon (AWAC) viz., 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 wt %. The prepared bio composites have been characterized for physico-mechanical behaviors and chemical resistance. The obtained biocomposites have characterized via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to reveal the effect of the presence of the apple waste activated carbon (AWAC) on the properties of the obtained adsorbent. The thermal degradation behaviors of bio composites have been established using TGA thermograms. These results indicate that it is possible with increase the apple waste activated carbon content adsorption of (EP/PU)/(AWAC) is increased. Developed biocomposites from apple waste materials will help to reduce the overall cost of the materials for its demanding applications as insulating material. The as-prepared (EP/PU)/(AWAC) bio-adsorbent removes the cationic dyes from the waste water.
کاربردهای شیمی تجزیه
Mohammad Radi; Ensie Bekhradinassab
Abstract
In this study, the catalytic performance of commercial molecular sieves (MS) was enhanced through a systematic acid modification process using hydrochloric acid (HCl) at varying molar concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 M). The influence of acid strength on the structural, morphological, and elemental ...
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In this study, the catalytic performance of commercial molecular sieves (MS) was enhanced through a systematic acid modification process using hydrochloric acid (HCl) at varying molar concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 M). The influence of acid strength on the structural, morphological, and elemental properties of the catalysts was rigorously evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Analytical results revealed that acid treatment facilitated the selective removal of extra-framework cations and induced framework dealumination, effectively modulating the Si/Al ratio and increasing surface acidity. The EDX analysis suggested an optimal Si/Al ratio of 4.5 for the 0.5 M HCl-treated sample, which maintained framework integrity while maximizing active site accessibility. The catalytic efficiency was assessed through the esterification of oleic acid for biodiesel production. The MS-0.5 M catalyst exhibited superior performance, achieving a free fatty acid (FFA) conversion of 87.57% under optimized reaction conditions (methanol-to-oil ratio of 20:1, 3 wt% catalyst, and 95 °C). In contrast, higher acid concentrations (1.0 M) resulted in structural degradation and a subsequent decline in catalytic activity. This study demonstrates that precisely controlled acid modification is a robust analytical approach for developing high-performance, stable, and cost-effective heterogeneous catalysts for sustainable biofuel synthesis.
کاربردهای شیمی تجزیه
Farzaneh Marahel; Seyed Mehdi Dardari; Zohreh Saadati; Marjan Sheibani
Abstract
This study explores the potential of shrimp shell-derived biochar@starch/CoFe2O4NPs for heavy metals and toxic pollutants removal from aqueous environments. The adsorption of Cd(II) ion was studied under the various conditions, including pH, time, adsorbent dose, and temperature. The adsorption process ...
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This study explores the potential of shrimp shell-derived biochar@starch/CoFe2O4NPs for heavy metals and toxic pollutants removal from aqueous environments. The adsorption of Cd(II) ion was studied under the various conditions, including pH, time, adsorbent dose, and temperature. The adsorption process was best described by the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, indicating monolayer adsorption and chemisorption-dominated interactions. The maximum adsorption capacity was determined to be 56.6 mgg-1 at 298 °K. Thermodynamic results indicated that the process was spontaneous and exothermic. The calculated thermodynamic parameters, such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° for Cd(II) ion uptake on the adsorbent surface, come out to be -3.45 kJ mol-1, -17.06 kJ mol-1 and -41.26 J mol-1. K-1, respectively. The removal efficiency Cd(II) ion from actual water samples higher reached 90.0 %, although the efficiency decreased with increasing salt concentration. These findings demonstrate that shrimp shell-derived biochar modified with starch/CoFe2O4NPs is a sustainable, low-cost, and environmentally friendly adsorbent with significant potential for Cd(II) ion remediation in contaminated water systems.
مواد کامپوزیت؛ الکتروآنالیز و تکنیکهای الکتروشیمی تجزیهای؛ کاربردهای محیطی، بالینی و بیولوژیکی
Effat Esmaeili Shahri
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles were prepared by a green sol-gel method employing aqueous Cressa cretica leaf extract and copper(II) nitrate trihydrate as the copper precursor. The resulting nanoparticles were subsequently used as carriers for the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Physicochemical characterization ...
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Copper oxide nanoparticles were prepared by a green sol-gel method employing aqueous Cressa cretica leaf extract and copper(II) nitrate trihydrate as the copper precursor. The resulting nanoparticles were subsequently used as carriers for the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Physicochemical characterization was performed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM/EDX), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurements, and thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA). Drug-loading efficiency was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the influence of reaction medium pH, contact time, and nanoparticle concentration on loading performance was systematically investigated to identify optimal conditions. The synthesized CuO nanoparticles were spherical, highly pure, and possessed a cubic crystalline structure, with a mean particle size of approximately 39 nm and a zeta potential of -15.6 mV. Under optimal loading conditions (pH 5.50, 5 h contact time, 0.015 g of CuO nanoparticles), approximately 40% of 5-FU was adsorbed onto the nanoparticle surface. MTT cytotoxicity assay demonstrated concentration-dependent cell death in Huh-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells, with an IC50 of approximately 250 mg/L, a result consistent with an acceptable biocompatibility profile.
کاربردهای شیمی تجزیه
Mohammad Bagi; Masoumeh Tabatabaee; Ali Sheibani
Abstract
Fluoride impurities in industrial zinc sulfate electrolytes adversely affect the zinc electrowinning process by promoting zinc deposition on the aluminum cathode, thereby reducing process efficiency and product quality. In the present study, zirconium oxide (ZrO2) has been used as an adsorbent to remove ...
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Fluoride impurities in industrial zinc sulfate electrolytes adversely affect the zinc electrowinning process by promoting zinc deposition on the aluminum cathode, thereby reducing process efficiency and product quality. In the present study, zirconium oxide (ZrO2) has been used as an adsorbent to remove fluoride of zinc sulfate solution during the industrial electrolysis process of zinc production. The effects of five operational parameters, including ZrO2 dosage, temperature, contact time, stirring speed and pH were systematically evaluated to optimize the fluoride removal process. The initial concentrations of zinc sulfate and fluoride in the electrolyte were 210 g/L and 453 mg/L (ppm), respectively. Under the optimum operating conditions (ZrO2 dosage of 2.0 g/L, temperature of 90 °C, contact time of 20 min, stirring speed of 200 rpm, and also pH 7), more than 90% of the fluoride was removed from the zinc sulfate electrolyte. Moreover, under industrial operating conditions demonstrated that the fluoride concentration could be reduced to below 55 mg/L (adsorption capacity=200 mg/g), significantly alleviating operational problems associated with zinc electrowinning. These findings demonstrate that ZrO2 nanopowder is an efficient and practical adsorbent for fluoride removal from industrial zinc sulfate electrolytes and has considerable potential for industrial application.
کاربردهای شیمی تجزیه
Roostam Jamali Eslami; Mehdi Hosseini
Abstract
Hot springs are natural geothermal systems enriched with dissolved minerals and nano/micro-sized particles that may contribute to their traditional therapeutic properties. In the present study, mineral nanoparticles (MNPs) were isolated for the first time from the Baktar hot spring located in western ...
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Hot springs are natural geothermal systems enriched with dissolved minerals and nano/micro-sized particles that may contribute to their traditional therapeutic properties. In the present study, mineral nanoparticles (MNPs) were isolated for the first time from the Baktar hot spring located in western Iran, and their physicochemical characteristics as well as antibacterial activity were investigated. Structural analyses using FTIR, XRD, XRF, ICP-MS, and TGA revealed that the particles mainly consist of silicate- and metal oxide-based minerals containing high levels of SiO2 (54.07%), Al2O3 (15.2%), CaO (7.19%), and Fe2O3 (5.45%). ICP-MS analysis also demonstrated the presence of several trace and heavy metals, including Sr (685.9 ppm), V (139 ppm), Cr (105 ppm), Zn (85 ppm), and Cu (63 ppm). XRD analysis estimated an average crystallite size of approximately 49.7 nm. The antibacterial activities of heated and unheated MNPs were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. The inhibition zone diameter for unheated MNPs reached 19.0 ± 0.50 mm against P. aeruginosa, whereas lower activity was observed against S. aureus (9.32 ± 0.15 mm). Both heated and unheated particles exhibited an identical minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 150 μg/mL. The results suggest that naturally occurring mineral nanoparticles isolated from the Baktar hot spring possess promising antibacterial properties, supporting the potential role of geothermal mineral systems in balneotherapy and biomedical applications. This study represents the first comprehensive analytical investigation of naturally occurring mineral nanoparticles isolated from the Baktar hot spring and provides new insights into the relationship between their elemental composition, physicochemical characteristics, and antibacterial properties.
