Ashraf Salmanipour; Mohammad Ali Karimi; Alireza Mohadesi; Mohammad Ali Taher; Shabnam Shafiee
Volume 3, Issue 1 , March 2016, Pages 1-26
Abstract
Considerable interest in the analysis of urea in clinical, environmental and industrial samples has generated diverse research activities in the fabrication of urea biosensors over the past decades. These activities have been directed towards the use of wide ranging materials, including conducting polymers, ...
Read More
Considerable interest in the analysis of urea in clinical, environmental and industrial samples has generated diverse research activities in the fabrication of urea biosensors over the past decades. These activities have been directed towards the use of wide ranging materials, including conducting polymers, non-conducting polymers, redox dyes, redox polymers, oxides, clays, zeolite, sol gel, carbon pastes, epoxy activated support and nanomaterials, for the immobilisation of urease and its use for the detection of urea. Many of these activities have also employed various modes of transduction, including amperometric, potentiometric, conductometric, optical, manometric, thermal and piezoelectric detection, for reliable biosensing of urea. This article reviews the various research efforts that have been carried out over the past decades on the construction and utilisation of urea biosensors for urea analysis in various samples.
Arash Mohammadinejad; Mahmoud Ebrahimi; Ali Morsali; Zarrin Es’haghi; Hamed Chegini; Abdolhossein Ebrahimitalab
Volume 3, Issue 1 , March 2016, Pages 27-37
Abstract
In this work, a carbon paste electrode modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTPE) was used for the sensitive voltammetric determination of acetaminophen (AC) in biological and pharmaceutical samples. The electrochemical behavior of acetaminophen was investigated employing cyclic voltammetry. ...
Read More
In this work, a carbon paste electrode modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTPE) was used for the sensitive voltammetric determination of acetaminophen (AC) in biological and pharmaceutical samples. The electrochemical behavior of acetaminophen was investigated employing cyclic voltammetry. It was revealed that the standard electrode potential of half reaction for AC(O), H+/AC(R) was 0.898 V. under the optimized experimental conditions, the oxidation peak current for acetaminophen was found to vary linearly with concentration range of 0.12 to 99 µM with detection limit of 0.06 µM using differential pulse voltammetry. DFT-B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) and HF/6-31G (d,p) calculations were performed for deoxidized acetaminophen (AC(R)) and its oxidized form (AC(O)). The calculated standard electrode potentials are relatively in agreement with experimental data. This electrode was employed for determination of acetaminophen in hospital waste water, hair, blood and pharmaceutical samples considering its high sensitivity, low detection limit, good reproducibility and its non-existent interference at trace levels in clinical and quality control laboratories.
Asghar Amiri; Mohammad Rahimipour
Volume 3, Issue 1 , March 2016, Pages 38-41
Abstract
In this research, poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide)-block-poly (ethylene glycol), (PLGA-PEG) nanoparticles (NPs) of less than 195 nm in diameter containing of Naringenin (NRG) a naturally flavonoid were synthesized. Encapsulated form NRG improves its medical properties and solubility. The therapeutic efficacy ...
Read More
In this research, poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide)-block-poly (ethylene glycol), (PLGA-PEG) nanoparticles (NPs) of less than 195 nm in diameter containing of Naringenin (NRG) a naturally flavonoid were synthesized. Encapsulated form NRG improves its medical properties and solubility. The therapeutic efficacy of the encapsulated naringenin (NRG-NPs) and NRG on human lung epithelial (A549) and mouse mammary (4T1) carcinoma cells proliferation was determined by MTT assays. The cytotoxicity potency was rated as follows: NRG-NPs > NRG. The antioxidant effects of the NRG and NRG-NPs were also determined by FRAP method. Our results show that NRG-NPs are cytotoxic compounds for cancer cells and anti-cancer effect can be attributed to the presence of Fe chelatory and antioxidant effects of NRG-NPs.
Hooshang Hamidian; Mahbobeh Mosavi Farahbakhsh; Rasool Roohparvar; Mohammad Reza Akhgar
Volume 3, Issue 1 , March 2016, Pages 42-48
Abstract
The present study shows that the eggshell powder can be used as a natural adsorbent for the removal of alizarin (1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone) and 2-aminoanthraquinone from aqueous solutions. Experiments were carried out as a function of contact time, concentration, temperature, pH and dosage. The amount ...
Read More
The present study shows that the eggshell powder can be used as a natural adsorbent for the removal of alizarin (1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone) and 2-aminoanthraquinone from aqueous solutions. Experiments were carried out as a function of contact time, concentration, temperature, pH and dosage. The amount of dye uptake was found to vary with increasing initial solution pH and maximum adsorption was observed at pH=7. The equilibrium was attained in 30 min. The amount of dye uptake (mg/g) was found to increase with increase in dye concentration and contact time. The percent of adsorption was found to decrease with increase in amount of adsorbent. The data were fitted with the Langmuir and Freundlich equations to describe the equilibrium isotherms.
Sohrab Ershad; Lotf-Ali Saghatfroush; Fereshteh Azarm
Volume 3, Issue 1 , March 2016, Pages 49-54
Abstract
A new optode for the sensitive and selective determination of copper (II) ion based on a change in absorption spectrum of a polymeric thin film in aqueous solution was proposed. A composed membrane of polyvinylchloride, different plasticizers and oleic acid as anionic additive was prepared. The influence ...
Read More
A new optode for the sensitive and selective determination of copper (II) ion based on a change in absorption spectrum of a polymeric thin film in aqueous solution was proposed. A composed membrane of polyvinylchloride, different plasticizers and oleic acid as anionic additive was prepared. The influence of different plasticizers on sensitivity, linear range and selectivity of the membrane film were studied. Satisfactorily, analytical sensing characteristics, to determine of the copper ion in terms of the selectivity, reversibility and reproducibility in a good detecting range were obtained. In addition, the optical film responds to copper (II) ion, irreversibly, over a wide dynamic range 3.1×10-10 to 2.3×10-4 M with a response time ≈ 5 Min obtained confidently. The optode membrane was successfully, applied to determination of copper (II) ion in spiked samples.
Hassan Karami; Fariba Goli
Volume 3, Issue 1 , March 2016, Pages 55-62
Abstract
Water pollution by heavy metal ions such as Pb occur globally. The conventional methods for the heavy metal ions removal from the water include electrochemical and chemical precipitations, ion exchange, reverse osmosis and sorption. Among the above mentioned different methods, sorption of heavy metal ...
Read More
Water pollution by heavy metal ions such as Pb occur globally. The conventional methods for the heavy metal ions removal from the water include electrochemical and chemical precipitations, ion exchange, reverse osmosis and sorption. Among the above mentioned different methods, sorption of heavy metal ions on the surface of solid nanomaterials is one of the most recommended and interest methods. Sorption is attractive due to its merits of efficiency, cheap and simple operation. In this study, hematite/magnetite/iron nanocomposite (MHINC) is synthesized by the low voltage electrical arc method in the presence of 1.2 Tesla external magnetic fields. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy show that the synthesized MHINC includes uniform nanoparticles with 7 nm average diameters. The prepared MHINC is used as a new sorbent to remove heavy metal ions from polluted waters. Experimental data shows that the sorption of lead ions on the surface of MHINC is acceptably fitted to the Langmuir isotherm. Based on the experimental data, a maximum sorption capacity of 86 mg g-1 is achieved for the sorption of lead ions on the surface of MHINC. The experimental optimum conditions for the lead ion removal includes pH=5, 25 ml sample volume, 25 mg sorbet and 25 min mixing time in the room temperature. Desorption studies showed the adsorbed lead ions on MHINC surface can be done by using 1ml acidic solution containing 3 M HCl and 2 M HNO3.
Alireza Mohadesi
Volume 3, Issue 1 , March 2016, Pages 63-69
Abstract
A differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric method was developed for the determination of Ag(I) at a carbon paste electrode modified with 4,6-diaminopyrimidine-2-thiol and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The analysis procedure consisted of an open circuit accumulation step in stirred sample solution ...
Read More
A differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric method was developed for the determination of Ag(I) at a carbon paste electrode modified with 4,6-diaminopyrimidine-2-thiol and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The analysis procedure consisted of an open circuit accumulation step in stirred sample solution for 9 min. This was followed by medium exchange to a clean solution where the accumulated Ag(I) was reduced for 15 s in −0.6V. Subsequently an anodic potential scan was affected from −0.2 to +0.3V to obtain the voltammetric peak. The detection limit of silver(I) was 0.08 µgL−1 and R.S.D. for 10 and 100 µgL−1 Ag(I) were 2.4 and 1.2%, respectively. The calibration curve was linear for 0.99–118.57 µgL−1 Ag(I). The procedure was applied to determination of Ag(I) in standard alloys and water samples.
Hadieh Habibagahi; Ali Sheibani; M. Reza Shishehbore
Volume 3, Issue 1 , March 2016, Pages 70-75
Abstract
In this study, a third derivative spectrophotometric method based on zero-crossing technique is developed for the simultaneous determination of atenolol and propranolol. Effective parameters including temperature and pH were investigated and optimized. Under optimum experimental conditions (temperature: ...
Read More
In this study, a third derivative spectrophotometric method based on zero-crossing technique is developed for the simultaneous determination of atenolol and propranolol. Effective parameters including temperature and pH were investigated and optimized. Under optimum experimental conditions (temperature: 10 oC and pH: 8-10), calibration curves were linear between concentration ranges of 0.8 to 12.9 μg mL-1 of atenolol and 0.3 to 6.4 μg mL-1 of propranolol. The limit of detection was 0.2 μg mL-1 and relative standard deviation was lower than 3%. The proposed method was applied for the simultaneous determination of both drugs in the pharmaceutical formulations. Acceptable recoveries of the analytes, ranging from 97 to 107%, were obtained.
